UNIT
I
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
1. What is
Management?
Management is the process of
giving direction and controlling the various
activities of the people to
achieve the objectives of an organisation.
2. Define
Management.
According to knootz &
Weihrich “management is the process of designing and
maintaining of an environment in
which individuals working together in groups efficiently
accomplished selected aims”.
3. Write some
characteristics of Management.
1) Management is a continuous
process.
2) Managers use the resources of
the organisation both physical as well as human
to achieve the goals
3) Management aims act achieving
the organisation goals by ensuring effective use of
resources.
4. What are the
roles of management in organisation?
1) Managements help in
determination of the objectives of an organisation.
2) Economics and social
development takes place through management
5. Write any two
points favour for management as a science.
1) Management principles should
be verifiable
2) Reliable basis for predicting
future.
6. Write any two
points favour for management as an art.
1) Management is creative.
2) Management includes the use of
practical knowledge and personal skill.
7. What is Time
study?
The movements which takes minimum
time is the best one .
8. What is
motion study?
Taylor suggested that eliminating
wasteful movements and performing only necessary
movements.
9. Write fayol’s
fourteen principles of management.
1) Division of work.
2) Authority and Responsibility.
3) Discipline
4) Unity of command
5) Unity of direction
6) Individual interest to general
interest.
7) Remuneration.
8) Centralisation
9) Scalar chain
1 0)Order
1 1) Equality.
1 2) Stability
1 3) Initiative
1 4) Esprit de corps
10. What is
authority?
It is the power given to a person
to get work from his subordinates.
11. What is
responsibility?
It is the amount of work expected
of forma man by his superior.
12. Comment:
Management is both – A science and an art.
Management is a science because
it contains general principles. It is also an art because
it requires certain personal
skills to achieve desired result.
13. What is
centralization?
The organisation is centralized
when the power is concentrated with one person.
14. What is
decentralization?
If the power is fully distributed
to the subordinates of the organisation.
15. What is
scalar chain?
The instruction and orders should
be sent from the top management to the lower
management.
16. What are
management levels?
1) Top-level
management.
2) Middle level
management
3) Lower level management
17. Write some
important functions of top management.
1) To formulate
goals and policies of the company.
2) To formulate
budgets
3) To appoint top
executives
18. Write any
two functions of middle level management.
1) To train,
motivate and develop supervisory level.
2) To monitor and
control the operations performance.
19. What are
essential skills needs for the manager?
1) Technical skill.
2) Human skill
3) Conceptual skill
20. Write the
function of management.
1) Planning
2) Organising
3) Staffing
4) Coordinating
5) Controlling
21. What is
social responsibility?
Society is the part of the
management to initiate actions either to protect social
interest of the society.
22. List out the
groups’ responsibilities of management.
1) Shareholders
2) Employees
3) Customers
4) Creditors
5) Suppliers
23. What is
ethics?
All individuals in business or
non-business activities are concerned with some
standardized form of behaviour
are known as ethics.
24. What is
ethics in management?
1) Business ethics
deals with morality of the business environment.
2) Business ethics
relate to the behaviour of a businessman in a situation.
UNIT
II
PLANNING
1. What is
planning?
Planning is the process of
selecting the objectives and determining the course of
action required achieving these
objectives.
2. State the
important observations suggested about planning.
_ Planning is
outlining a future course of action in order to achieve on objective.
_ Planning is
looking ahead.
_ Planning is
getting ready to do something tomorrow.
_ Plan is a trap
laid down to capture the future.
3. List out the
features of planning.
_ Planning – a
primary function
_ Planning - a
dynamic process
_ Planning – based
on objectives and policies
_ Planning – a
selective process
_ Planning – an intellectual
process
_ Planning is
based on facts
4. Classify
various plans.
STANDING PLANS
SINGLE USE PLANS
Mission and purpose
objectives
strategies
Rules
policies
procedures
Programmes
Budgets
Schedules
Methods
Projects
5. Define
mission
Mission may be defined as a
statement which defines the role that an organisation
plays in the society.
6. State the
important questions to answer by a good mission.
1. What is our business?
2. What should it be?
7. Define
objectives.
The terms objectives or goals are
often used interchangeably.
Objectives are the end results
towards which the activities of firm are aimed or
directed.
8. What is meant
by strategies?
Strategy of an organisation is
the programmes of action and deployment of
resources to attain its objectives.
9. Define
policies.
Policies are general statement or
understandings, which provide guidance in
decision making to various
managers.
10. What is
procedure?
A procedure is a chronological
order of actions required to implement a policy
and to achieve an objectives.
11. Name any two
important procedures in organisation.
Procedures for placing orders for
material and equipment.
Procedures for sanctioning
different types of employee’s leave.
12. Define
budgets.
A budget is a statement of expected
results in numerical terms and therefore it may be
referred as a numerical
programme.
13. What are the
advantages and limitations of planning?
Advantages
· Help in
achieving objectives;
· Better
utilisation of resources;
· Economy in
operation;
· Improves
competitive strength
Limitations.
· Lack of accurate
information
· Time and cost
· Inflexiblity
· Delay during
emetgency period
14. What is
objective?
Objectives are the aims, purposes
or goals that an organization wants to achieve over
varying periods of time.
15. State the
two approaches of objectives.
i. Top –down approach.
ii. Bottom –up approach.
16. What is MBO?
MBO is a process whereby, the
superior and the subordinate managers of an enterprise
jointly identify its common
goals, define each individual’s major areas of responsibility in terms
of results expected of him, and
use these measures as guides for operating the unit and assessing
the contribution of its members.
17. Mention the
features of MBO.
i. MBO focuses attention on what
must be accomplished and not how to
accomplish the objectives .it is
a goal oriented rather than work-oriented
approach.
ii. MBO tries to combine the long
range goals of organisation with short range of
organisation.
iii. A high degree of motivation
and satisfaction is available to employees
through MBO.
18. What are the
major kinds of strategies and policies?
i. Growth.
ii. Finance
iii. Organisation
iv. Personal
v. Products or services
vi. Market
19. Classify
policies.
i. Formulated policies
ii. Apprealed policy
iii. Imposed policy
iv. Written policies
v. Implied policies
20. What is
planning premises?
The assumptions about future
derived from forecasting and used in planning are
known as planning premises.
21. State the
classification of planning premises.
i. Internal and External.
ii. Tangible and intangible
iii. Controllable and
uncontrollable
22. Define
decision-making process.
Decision –making is defined as
the process of choosing a course of action from among
alternatives to achieve a desired
goal. It is one of the functions of management and also a core
process of planning.
23. What are the
techniques useful while evaluating alternatives?
i. Quantitative and Qualitative
analysis
ii. Marginal analysis
iii. Cost effectiveness analysis
24. Classify
decisions.
i. Programmed and non-programmed
decisions
ii. Organizational and personal
decisions
UNIT
III
ORGANISING
1. Define
organizing.
Organising is the process of
identifying and grouping of activities required to
attain the objectives, delegating
authority, creating responsibility and establishing
relationships for the people to
work effectively.
2. Mention any
four characteristics of an organization.
·
Common objectives
·
Specialisation
or Division of labour
·
Authority of
structure
·
Group of persons
3. State the
advantages of organization.
_ Facilitate
administration
_ Increases the
efficiency of management
_ Facilitates
growth and diversification
_ Ensures optimum
use of man and material resources
4. List out the
steps involved in organization process.
_ Determination of
activities
_ Grouping of
activities
_ Assignment of
Duties
_ Delegation of
authority
5. Mention the
three categories of span of management.
_ Direct single
relationship
_ Direct group
relationships
_ Cross relation
6. What are the
types of departmentation?
_ Departmentation
by numbers
_ Departmentation
by time
_ Departmentation
by Enterprise function
_ Departmentation
by Territory or Geography
_ Departmentation
by customers
_ Departmentation
by Equipment or process
_ Departmentation
by Product or service
7. Give a note
departmentation by customers.
This type of departmentation is
preferred when the needs of customers are
different in nature. Some big
organisation is providing special services to different
of customer.
8. Define
authority.
Authority is the right to give
orders and the power to exact obedience.
9. List out the
sources of authority.
_ Formal authority
theory
_ Acceptance
authority theory
_ Competence
theory
10. What is line
authority?
Line authority is the direct
authority which a superior exercises over a
number of subordinates to carry
out orders and instructions. In organisation
process, authority is delegated
to the individuals to perform the activities.
11. What is
staff authority?
The relationship between a staff
manager and the line manager with
whom he works depends in part on
the staff duties.
12. List the
steps involved in process of delegation.
_ Determination of
result expected
_ Assignment of
duties
_ Delegation of
authority
_ Creation of
obligation or accountability
13. What are the
steps to be followed in making staff works effective?
_ Understanding
authority relationship
_ Making line
listen to staff
_ Keeping staff
informed
_ Requiring
completed staff work
_ Making staff
work a way of organisational life
14. State the
kinds of organizational charts.
_ Vertical chart
_ Horizontal chart
or left to right chart
_ Circular chart
or concentric chart
15. Define
staffing.
Staffing is the part of the
management process which is concerned with the
procurement utilization,
maintenance and development of a large satisfied work force
on the organisation.
16. Write any
two roles of staffing.
_ Effective
utilization of skills and potential of the work force
_ Development and
maintenance of quality of work life
17. What is job
analysis?
Job analysis is a detailed study
of a job to identify the skills, experience and
aptitude required for the job.
18. What is job
design?
The job design is usually broad
enough to accommodate people’s need
and desires.
19. What is job
rotation?
Job rotation refers in the
movement of an employee from the job to another
.
20. Define
recruitment.
B.Flippo defined recruitment as
“the process of searching for prospective
employees and simulating to apply
for jobs in the organisation.
21. What is
selection?
Selection is the process of
finding out the most suitable candidate to the job
out of the candidates attracted.
22. Write down
the tests used in selection process.
_ Aptitude test
_ Intelligence
test
_ Psychomotor test
_ Personality test
23. What is
orientation?
Orientation refers to the
activities involved in introducing the new employees
to the organisation and its
policies, procedures, rules, and regulations.
24. What is
performance appraisal?
Performance appraisal evaluates
the performance of worker also his potential
for development.
25. What are
roles of manager?
_ Inter-personal
role
_ Information role
_ Decisional role
UNIT
IV
DIRECTING
1. Define
multiplicity of roles.
Individuals not only the
productive factor in management’s plans. They are
members of social system of many
organizations.
2. Mention the
importance of motivation.
_ Proper
utilization of human resources possible since it inspires employees to
make best possible use of
different factors of production.
_ Proper
motivation improves the efficiency of operation.
_ Motivation
creates a willingness on the part of workers to do the work in a better
way.
3. Name the
steps involved in motivation process.
_ Analysis of
situation
_ Preparing,
selecting and applying a set of appropriate motivating tools.
_ Follow up.
4. What are the
types of motivation?
_ Positive
motivation
_ Negative
motivation
_ Extrinsic
motivation
_ Intrinsic
motivation
5. List out the
basic needs in a hierarchy.
_ Physiological needs
_ Safety needs
_ Social needs
_ Esteem needs
_ Self-actualisation
needs
6. What is job
enrichment?
Job enrichment is therefore based
on the assumption that in order to motivate
personnel, the job itself must
provide opportunities for achievement, recognition, responsibility,
advancement and growth.
7. Who is
leader?
Leader is one who makes his
subordinates to do willingly what he wants.
8. Define
leadership.
Leadership is the process of
influencing the behaviour of others towards the
accomplishment of goals in a
given situation.
9. What is
communication?
Communication is passing of
information from one person to another person.
10. State the
need for communication.
_ To establish and
spread goals of an enterprise widely.
_ To develop plans
for further achievement.
_ To organize
human and other resources in the most effective and efficient way.
_ To select,
develop and apprise members of the organisation.
11. List the
different types of communication flow.
_ Downward
communication
_ Upward
communication
_ Horizontal or
lateral communication
12. Note down
the various communicating networks.
_ Simple chain
_ Wheel
_ Circular
_ Free flow
_ Inverted V
13. State the
advantages of democratic leadership.
_ The subordinates
are motivated by participation in decision-making process.
This will increase job
satisfaction.
_ Absence of
leader does not affect output.
_ Labour
absenteeism and turn-over will be minimum.
_ The quality of
decision is improved.
14. What are the
barriers involved in effective communication?
_ Physical
barriers
_ Socio-psychological
or personal barriers.
_ Organisational
barriers.
_ Semantic
barriers.
_ Mechanical
barriers.
15. List out the
effective media in communication.
_ A large bank
supplies hardware and software to its customers.
_ Several banks
now make bank-by-phone services available even to
individuals.
_ E-mail service
making easy delivery of documents.
16. What are the
important assumptions made in X theory?
_ The average
human dislikes to work. He will avoid work if it is possible.
_ Therefore people
must be controlled, directed and threatened with punishment
to make them work.
17. Mention the
various factors involved in using motivational techniques.
_ Money
_ Participation
_ Quality of
working life
18. Mention the
important of leadership.
_ Motivating
employees
_ Leader develops
team work
_ Building morale
_ Maintaining
discipline
19. Name the
various leadership styles.
_ Autocratic or
dictatorial leadership.
_ Participative or
democratic leadership.
_ Laissez-faire or
free rein leadership.
20. What is
Laissez-faire?
Complete freedom is given to the
subordinates so that they plan, motivate, control,
and otherwise be responsible for
their own actions.
UNIT
V
CONTROLLING
1. Define
control.
According to Koontz “Controlling
to the measurement and correction of
performance in order to make sure
that enterprise objectives and the plans devised to attain
them are accomplished”.
2. What are the
characteristics of control?
_ Control process
is universal
_ Control is
continuous process
_ Control is
action based
_ Control is
forward looking.
3. What are the
disadvantages of control?
_ Control is
expensive and time-consuming process.
_ Human behaviour
and employee morale also cannot be measured.
4. Give some
critical point standards of control?
_ Cost standards
_ Revenue
standards
_ Goals standards
_ Program
standards.
5. What are the
types of control?
_ Feedback control
_ Concurrent
control
_ Feed forward
control
6. What is
feedback control?
Feedback control is the process
of adjusting future action on basis of information
about past performance.
7. What are the
requirements for effective control?
_ The control
should be economical
_ It must be
simple
_ It should be
flexible
_ It should be
clear objectives
8. What are the
modern techniques of control?
_ Management audit
_ Return on
investment
_ PERT and CPM
9. Define
budgetary control?
According to J.Batty “a system
which uses budgets as a means of planning and
controlling all aspects of
producing and or selling commodities and services”.
10. Define
budget?
According to J. Fred Meston “a
budget is the expression of a firms plan is
financial form for a period of
time in to the future”.
11. What are the
limitations of Budgeting?
_ Inaccuracy
_ Expenditure
_ Distortion of
goals
12. What is Zero
Base Budgets?
Initially the budget is designed
from a Zero base the main element is ZBB is future
objective orientation.
13. What are the
steps involves in ZBB?
_ Decision package
_ Ranking
_ Allocation of
resources
14. What is
Internal Audit?
Internal audit is done by an
internal auditor who is an employee of the organisation. He
examines the objectives,
policies, plans, procedures and performance of the management.
15. Define MIS
A system of obtaining
abstracting, storing and analysing data to productions information
for use in planning, controlling
and decision making by managers at the time they can most
effectively use it”
16. What are MIS
Resources?
_ To provide the
information up to date
_ To take
effective decision making
_ To provide the
right information available in the right form at the right time
17. Define
Productivity
Productivity is a measure of how
much input is required to produce a given output the
ratio is called productivity.
18. What are the
factors affecting productivity?
_ Technology
_ Human resources
_ Government
policy
_ Machinery and
equipment
_ Skill of the
worker
19. What is OR?
OR is an applied decision theory,
which uses scientific, mathematical and logical
means to take decisions.
20. Define
Multinational Corporations.
An enterprise which own or
control production or service facilities outside the
country in which they are based.
21. Write some
advantages of MNC.
_ MNC can promote
quality product at lower cost.
_ MNC leads to
increase in production aggregate employment, exports and
imports of the required inputs.
_ MNC is paying
taxes their operations increase government revenues.
22. What are
global theory of management?
_ Situational and
contingency approach.
_ Motivation and
leadership theory.
_ Organisational
behaviour.
23. Write some
characteristics of Japanese management.
_ Japanese
management prefer to human resources than it financial
resources.
_ Japanese
management favours job security.
_ Japanese are
more favour to cooperation and teamwork.
_ Japanese
management encourage the lower level employees’ participation.
24. Write some
limitations of Japanese management.
_ Decision making
process is time-consuming process.
_ Promotion policy
is not encourage outstanding younger employee.
25. Write some
characteristics of German management.
_ German
management is autocratic.
_ Labour
suggestions also accepted.
_ Managerial
decisions are taken by the executive committee consultation
with labour direction.
UNIT
I
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
1. What is
Management?
Management is the process of
giving direction and controlling the various
activities of the people to
achieve the objectives of an organisation.
2. Define
Management.
According to knootz &
Weihrich “management is the process of designing and
maintaining of an environment in
which individuals working together in groups efficiently
accomplished selected aims”.
3. Write some
characteristics of Management.
1) Management is a continuous
process.
2) Managers use the resources of
the organisation both physical as well as human
to achieve the goals
3) Management aims act achieving
the organisation goals by ensuring effective use of
resources.
4. What are the
roles of management in organisation?
1) Managements help in
determination of the objectives of an organisation.
2) Economics and social
development takes place through management
5. Write any two
points favour for management as a science.
1) Management principles should
be verifiable
2) Reliable basis for predicting
future.
6. Write any two
points favour for management as an art.
1) Management is creative.
2) Management includes the use of
practical knowledge and personal skill.
7. What is Time
study?
The movements which takes minimum
time is the best one .
8. What is
motion study?
Taylor suggested that eliminating
wasteful movements and performing only necessary
movements.
9. Write fayol’s
fourteen principles of management.
1) Division of work.
2) Authority and Responsibility.
3) Discipline
4) Unity of command
5) Unity of direction
6) Individual interest to general
interest.
7) Remuneration.
8) Centralisation
9) Scalar chain
1 0)Order
1 1) Equality.
1 2) Stability
1 3) Initiative
1 4) Esprit de corps
10. What is
authority?
It is the power given to a person
to get work from his subordinates.
11. What is
responsibility?
It is the amount of work expected
of forma man by his superior.
12. Comment:
Management is both – A science and an art.
Management is a science because
it contains general principles. It is also an art because
it requires certain personal
skills to achieve desired result.
13. What is
centralization?
The organisation is centralized
when the power is concentrated with one person.
14. What is
decentralization?
If the power is fully distributed
to the subordinates of the organisation.
15. What is
scalar chain?
The instruction and orders should
be sent from the top management to the lower
management.
16. What are
management levels?
1) Top-level
management.
2) Middle level
management
3) Lower level management
17. Write some
important functions of top management.
1) To formulate
goals and policies of the company.
2) To formulate
budgets
3) To appoint top
executives
18. Write any
two functions of middle level management.
1) To train,
motivate and develop supervisory level.
2) To monitor and
control the operations performance.
19. What are
essential skills needs for the manager?
1) Technical skill.
2) Human skill
3) Conceptual skill
20. Write the
function of management.
1) Planning
2) Organising
3) Staffing
4) Coordinating
5) Controlling
21. What is
social responsibility?
Society is the part of the
management to initiate actions either to protect social
interest of the society.
22. List out the
groups’ responsibilities of management.
1) Shareholders
2) Employees
3) Customers
4) Creditors
5) Suppliers
23. What is
ethics?
All individuals in business or
non-business activities are concerned with some
standardized form of behaviour
are known as ethics.
24. What is
ethics in management?
1) Business ethics
deals with morality of the business environment.
2) Business ethics
relate to the behaviour of a businessman in a situation.
UNIT
II
PLANNING
1. What is
planning?
Planning is the process of
selecting the objectives and determining the course of
action required achieving these
objectives.
2. State the
important observations suggested about planning.
_ Planning is
outlining a future course of action in order to achieve on objective.
_ Planning is
looking ahead.
_ Planning is
getting ready to do something tomorrow.
_ Plan is a trap
laid down to capture the future.
3. List out the
features of planning.
_ Planning – a
primary function
_ Planning - a
dynamic process
_ Planning – based
on objectives and policies
_ Planning – a
selective process
_ Planning – an intellectual
process
_ Planning is
based on facts
4. Classify
various plans.
STANDING PLANS
SINGLE USE PLANS
Mission and purpose
objectives
strategies
Rules
policies
procedures
Programmes
Budgets
Schedules
Methods
Projects
5. Define
mission
Mission may be defined as a
statement which defines the role that an organisation
plays in the society.
6. State the
important questions to answer by a good mission.
1. What is our business?
2. What should it be?
7. Define
objectives.
The terms objectives or goals are
often used interchangeably.
Objectives are the end results
towards which the activities of firm are aimed or
directed.
8. What is meant
by strategies?
Strategy of an organisation is
the programmes of action and deployment of
resources to attain its objectives.
9. Define
policies.
Policies are general statement or
understandings, which provide guidance in
decision making to various
managers.
10. What is
procedure?
A procedure is a chronological
order of actions required to implement a policy
and to achieve an objectives.
11. Name any two
important procedures in organisation.
Procedures for placing orders for
material and equipment.
Procedures for sanctioning
different types of employee’s leave.
12. Define
budgets.
A budget is a statement of expected
results in numerical terms and therefore it may be
referred as a numerical
programme.
13. What are the
advantages and limitations of planning?
Advantages
· Help in
achieving objectives;
· Better
utilisation of resources;
· Economy in
operation;
· Improves
competitive strength
Limitations.
· Lack of accurate
information
· Time and cost
· Inflexiblity
· Delay during
emetgency period
14. What is
objective?
Objectives are the aims, purposes
or goals that an organization wants to achieve over
varying periods of time.
15. State the
two approaches of objectives.
i. Top –down approach.
ii. Bottom –up approach.
16. What is MBO?
MBO is a process whereby, the
superior and the subordinate managers of an enterprise
jointly identify its common
goals, define each individual’s major areas of responsibility in terms
of results expected of him, and
use these measures as guides for operating the unit and assessing
the contribution of its members.
17. Mention the
features of MBO.
i. MBO focuses attention on what
must be accomplished and not how to
accomplish the objectives .it is
a goal oriented rather than work-oriented
approach.
ii. MBO tries to combine the long
range goals of organisation with short range of
organisation.
iii. A high degree of motivation
and satisfaction is available to employees
through MBO.
18. What are the
major kinds of strategies and policies?
i. Growth.
ii. Finance
iii. Organisation
iv. Personal
v. Products or services
vi. Market
19. Classify
policies.
i. Formulated policies
ii. Apprealed policy
iii. Imposed policy
iv. Written policies
v. Implied policies
20. What is
planning premises?
The assumptions about future
derived from forecasting and used in planning are
known as planning premises.
21. State the
classification of planning premises.
i. Internal and External.
ii. Tangible and intangible
iii. Controllable and
uncontrollable
22. Define
decision-making process.
Decision –making is defined as
the process of choosing a course of action from among
alternatives to achieve a desired
goal. It is one of the functions of management and also a core
process of planning.
23. What are the
techniques useful while evaluating alternatives?
i. Quantitative and Qualitative
analysis
ii. Marginal analysis
iii. Cost effectiveness analysis
24. Classify
decisions.
i. Programmed and non-programmed
decisions
ii. Organizational and personal
decisions
UNIT
III
ORGANISING
1. Define
organizing.
Organising is the process of
identifying and grouping of activities required to
attain the objectives, delegating
authority, creating responsibility and establishing
relationships for the people to
work effectively.
2. Mention any
four characteristics of an organization.
·
Common objectives
·
Specialisation
or Division of labour
·
Authority of
structure
·
Group of persons
3. State the
advantages of organization.
_ Facilitate
administration
_ Increases the
efficiency of management
_ Facilitates
growth and diversification
_ Ensures optimum
use of man and material resources
4. List out the
steps involved in organization process.
_ Determination of
activities
_ Grouping of
activities
_ Assignment of
Duties
_ Delegation of
authority
5. Mention the
three categories of span of management.
_ Direct single
relationship
_ Direct group
relationships
_ Cross relation
6. What are the
types of departmentation?
_ Departmentation
by numbers
_ Departmentation
by time
_ Departmentation
by Enterprise function
_ Departmentation
by Territory or Geography
_ Departmentation
by customers
_ Departmentation
by Equipment or process
_ Departmentation
by Product or service
7. Give a note
departmentation by customers.
This type of departmentation is
preferred when the needs of customers are
different in nature. Some big
organisation is providing special services to different
of customer.
8. Define
authority.
Authority is the right to give
orders and the power to exact obedience.
9. List out the
sources of authority.
_ Formal authority
theory
_ Acceptance
authority theory
_ Competence
theory
10. What is line
authority?
Line authority is the direct
authority which a superior exercises over a
number of subordinates to carry
out orders and instructions. In organisation
process, authority is delegated
to the individuals to perform the activities.
11. What is
staff authority?
The relationship between a staff
manager and the line manager with
whom he works depends in part on
the staff duties.
12. List the
steps involved in process of delegation.
_ Determination of
result expected
_ Assignment of
duties
_ Delegation of
authority
_ Creation of
obligation or accountability
13. What are the
steps to be followed in making staff works effective?
_ Understanding
authority relationship
_ Making line
listen to staff
_ Keeping staff
informed
_ Requiring
completed staff work
_ Making staff
work a way of organisational life
14. State the
kinds of organizational charts.
_ Vertical chart
_ Horizontal chart
or left to right chart
_ Circular chart
or concentric chart
15. Define
staffing.
Staffing is the part of the
management process which is concerned with the
procurement utilization,
maintenance and development of a large satisfied work force
on the organisation.
16. Write any
two roles of staffing.
_ Effective
utilization of skills and potential of the work force
_ Development and
maintenance of quality of work life
17. What is job
analysis?
Job analysis is a detailed study
of a job to identify the skills, experience and
aptitude required for the job.
18. What is job
design?
The job design is usually broad
enough to accommodate people’s need
and desires.
19. What is job
rotation?
Job rotation refers in the
movement of an employee from the job to another
.
20. Define
recruitment.
B.Flippo defined recruitment as
“the process of searching for prospective
employees and simulating to apply
for jobs in the organisation.
21. What is
selection?
Selection is the process of
finding out the most suitable candidate to the job
out of the candidates attracted.
22. Write down
the tests used in selection process.
_ Aptitude test
_ Intelligence
test
_ Psychomotor test
_ Personality test
23. What is
orientation?
Orientation refers to the
activities involved in introducing the new employees
to the organisation and its
policies, procedures, rules, and regulations.
24. What is
performance appraisal?
Performance appraisal evaluates
the performance of worker also his potential
for development.
25. What are
roles of manager?
_ Inter-personal
role
_ Information role
_ Decisional role
UNIT
IV
DIRECTING
1. Define
multiplicity of roles.
Individuals not only the
productive factor in management’s plans. They are
members of social system of many
organizations.
2. Mention the
importance of motivation.
_ Proper
utilization of human resources possible since it inspires employees to
make best possible use of
different factors of production.
_ Proper
motivation improves the efficiency of operation.
_ Motivation
creates a willingness on the part of workers to do the work in a better
way.
3. Name the
steps involved in motivation process.
_ Analysis of
situation
_ Preparing,
selecting and applying a set of appropriate motivating tools.
_ Follow up.
4. What are the
types of motivation?
_ Positive
motivation
_ Negative
motivation
_ Extrinsic
motivation
_ Intrinsic
motivation
5. List out the
basic needs in a hierarchy.
_ Physiological needs
_ Safety needs
_ Social needs
_ Esteem needs
_ Self-actualisation
needs
6. What is job
enrichment?
Job enrichment is therefore based
on the assumption that in order to motivate
personnel, the job itself must
provide opportunities for achievement, recognition, responsibility,
advancement and growth.
7. Who is
leader?
Leader is one who makes his
subordinates to do willingly what he wants.
8. Define
leadership.
Leadership is the process of
influencing the behaviour of others towards the
accomplishment of goals in a
given situation.
9. What is
communication?
Communication is passing of
information from one person to another person.
10. State the
need for communication.
_ To establish and
spread goals of an enterprise widely.
_ To develop plans
for further achievement.
_ To organize
human and other resources in the most effective and efficient way.
_ To select,
develop and apprise members of the organisation.
11. List the
different types of communication flow.
_ Downward
communication
_ Upward
communication
_ Horizontal or
lateral communication
12. Note down
the various communicating networks.
_ Simple chain
_ Wheel
_ Circular
_ Free flow
_ Inverted V
13. State the
advantages of democratic leadership.
_ The subordinates
are motivated by participation in decision-making process.
This will increase job
satisfaction.
_ Absence of
leader does not affect output.
_ Labour
absenteeism and turn-over will be minimum.
_ The quality of
decision is improved.
14. What are the
barriers involved in effective communication?
_ Physical
barriers
_ Socio-psychological
or personal barriers.
_ Organisational
barriers.
_ Semantic
barriers.
_ Mechanical
barriers.
15. List out the
effective media in communication.
_ A large bank
supplies hardware and software to its customers.
_ Several banks
now make bank-by-phone services available even to
individuals.
_ E-mail service
making easy delivery of documents.
16. What are the
important assumptions made in X theory?
_ The average
human dislikes to work. He will avoid work if it is possible.
_ Therefore people
must be controlled, directed and threatened with punishment
to make them work.
17. Mention the
various factors involved in using motivational techniques.
_ Money
_ Participation
_ Quality of
working life
18. Mention the
important of leadership.
_ Motivating
employees
_ Leader develops
team work
_ Building morale
_ Maintaining
discipline
19. Name the
various leadership styles.
_ Autocratic or
dictatorial leadership.
_ Participative or
democratic leadership.
_ Laissez-faire or
free rein leadership.
20. What is
Laissez-faire?
Complete freedom is given to the
subordinates so that they plan, motivate, control,
and otherwise be responsible for
their own actions.
UNIT
V
CONTROLLING
1. Define
control.
According to Koontz “Controlling
to the measurement and correction of
performance in order to make sure
that enterprise objectives and the plans devised to attain
them are accomplished”.
2. What are the
characteristics of control?
_ Control process
is universal
_ Control is
continuous process
_ Control is
action based
_ Control is
forward looking.
3. What are the
disadvantages of control?
_ Control is
expensive and time-consuming process.
_ Human behaviour
and employee morale also cannot be measured.
4. Give some
critical point standards of control?
_ Cost standards
_ Revenue
standards
_ Goals standards
_ Program
standards.
5. What are the
types of control?
_ Feedback control
_ Concurrent
control
_ Feed forward
control
6. What is
feedback control?
Feedback control is the process
of adjusting future action on basis of information
about past performance.
7. What are the
requirements for effective control?
_ The control
should be economical
_ It must be
simple
_ It should be
flexible
_ It should be
clear objectives
8. What are the
modern techniques of control?
_ Management audit
_ Return on
investment
_ PERT and CPM
9. Define
budgetary control?
According to J.Batty “a system
which uses budgets as a means of planning and
controlling all aspects of
producing and or selling commodities and services”.
10. Define
budget?
According to J. Fred Meston “a
budget is the expression of a firms plan is
financial form for a period of
time in to the future”.
11. What are the
limitations of Budgeting?
_ Inaccuracy
_ Expenditure
_ Distortion of
goals
12. What is Zero
Base Budgets?
Initially the budget is designed
from a Zero base the main element is ZBB is future
objective orientation.
13. What are the
steps involves in ZBB?
_ Decision package
_ Ranking
_ Allocation of
resources
14. What is
Internal Audit?
Internal audit is done by an
internal auditor who is an employee of the organisation. He
examines the objectives,
policies, plans, procedures and performance of the management.
15. Define MIS
A system of obtaining
abstracting, storing and analysing data to productions information
for use in planning, controlling
and decision making by managers at the time they can most
effectively use it”
16. What are MIS
Resources?
_ To provide the
information up to date
_ To take
effective decision making
_ To provide the
right information available in the right form at the right time
17. Define
Productivity
Productivity is a measure of how
much input is required to produce a given output the
ratio is called productivity.
18. What are the
factors affecting productivity?
_ Technology
_ Human resources
_ Government
policy
_ Machinery and
equipment
_ Skill of the
worker
19. What is OR?
OR is an applied decision theory,
which uses scientific, mathematical and logical
means to take decisions.
20. Define
Multinational Corporations.
An enterprise which own or
control production or service facilities outside the
country in which they are based.
21. Write some
advantages of MNC.
_ MNC can promote
quality product at lower cost.
_ MNC leads to
increase in production aggregate employment, exports and
imports of the required inputs.
_ MNC is paying
taxes their operations increase government revenues.
22. What are
global theory of management?
_ Situational and
contingency approach.
_ Motivation and
leadership theory.
_ Organisational
behaviour.
23. Write some
characteristics of Japanese management.
_ Japanese
management prefer to human resources than it financial
resources.
_ Japanese
management favours job security.
_ Japanese are
more favour to cooperation and teamwork.
_ Japanese
management encourage the lower level employees’ participation.
24. Write some
limitations of Japanese management.
_ Decision making
process is time-consuming process.
_ Promotion policy
is not encourage outstanding younger employee.
25. Write some
characteristics of German management.
_ German
management is autocratic.
_ Labour
suggestions also accepted.
_ Managerial
decisions are taken by the executive committee consultation
with labour direction.
No comments:
Post a Comment